A turbine is a device that generates power by means of a central spindle van or blade (called rotor assembly), using the movement of fluids, controlling them, and rotating them.
When connected to a generator or set of gears, the spinning motion of the rotor assembly generates electrical energy. Most electric power plants use turbines to generate energy, using oil, gas, coal, or nuclear reactions.
Turbine technology is more than a century old but still proven. Most power plants that use turbines can transfer approximately 35-40% of fuel heat to electrical energy, while the rest is lost as waste heat or friction. However, efficiency can be improved with waste heat recovery systems.
Types of Turbines
There are several types of turbines, although the most common are:
Wind turbines: which use atmospheric airflow from high winds to low-pressure areas
Hydroelectric turbine: water turbines that use pressurized water power such as hydroelectric plants
High-Pressure Steam Turbines: Most Power Plants Use Steam Turbines
Gas turbines: It use compressed air and gases from combustion to generate electricity or thrust.
Impulse turbine:
In an impulse turbine, high-speed fluid is fired through a narrow nozzle on the turbine blades so that they can rotate around. The blades of an induction turbine are usually bucket-shaped, so they hold the fluid and direct it at an angle or sometimes even backward (as it transfers energy from the fluid to the turbine most efficiently). In an induction turbine, the fluid has to hit the turbine at high speed.
Imagine trying to make a similar cycle by kicking soccer balls into his paddle. You have to push the balls hard and bounce well to get the wheel spinning – and those constant force impulses are crucial to telling you how it works. The law of conservation of energy is that every time the ball hits the wheel, the force received by the wheel is equal to the force lost by the ball – so when they bounce back, the balls travel much slower. Also, Newton’s second law of motion states that the speed at which the wheel achieves is equal to the speed at which the ball loses when it touches the ball; The longer the ball touches the wheel, the harder (more loudly) it hits and the faster it moves.
Reaction turbine:
In a reaction turbine, the blades sit on a large amount of fluid and rotate around as fluid flows behind them. The reaction turbine does not change the direction of fluid flow as rapidly as an induction turbine: it rotates only when the fluid is pushed through its blade and withdrawn. Wind turbines are well-known examples of reaction turbines.
Types of reaction turbine
Some common models of reaction turbines are:
- Francis Turbines: Usually with large V-shaped blades, often turning the vertical axis inside the shell of a large, spiral snail. Francis is by far the most common type of water turbine; The McCormick, Kaplan, and Darius turbines are essentially improvements to the original Francis design.
- Darius: Airfoil rotates around a vertical axis with a blade.
Advantages of wind power
- Air is a reliable and infinitely renewable energy source
- Wind energy is not costly, and prices are still falling
- Reducing carbon emissions when using wind energy instead of fossil fuels
- Some running costs on running turbines.
Disadvantages
- Wind power is unpredictable because the amount of electricity generated depends on wind speed and direction
- Wind fields affect the visual appearance of the landscape
- Turbines are harmful to bird habitat and marine life.
- Wind farms are expensive to build
